2. How to backup and restore partitions images?
3. How to backup my current settings in fedora core?
4. Error: command not found?
5. How to remove duplicate rpm packages from the system?
6. How to install flash player in linux?
7. How to write a disk image to floppy?
8. How to install fedora core os packages?
9. How to install extra softwares in fedora core?
10. Why I have the internet connection but can't browse the internet?
11. How to install the java runtime enviroment in linux?
12. How to restore the mbr?
13. How to mount new partitions in linux?
13b. How to play mp3 files in linux?
14. How i can get read and write access to ntfs file system from fedora?
15. How is the partitions nomenclature in linux?
16. How is the partitions nomenclature in grub?
17. Why i get the error permission denied?
18. How to install the qtparted disk manager?
19. How to install real player in fedora core?
20. How to create local yum repositories?
21. How to mix fedora core repositories?
22. How to use smart package manager?
23. Why there is no sound in my fedora core?
24. Howsources.list.html to enable sound events in fedora core?
25. How to download a torrent file?
26. How to do online upgrade of fedora core to new version?
27. How to change wallpapers automatically in gnome desktop?
28. How to configure my winmodem for fedora core?
29. How to configure wvdial for isp?
30. How to configure yum for fedora core?
31. Yum error gpgkey not found or not match?
32. How to exclude packages from yum update?
1. How to configure apt for fedora core?
Download and install the apt for your current fedora core version, and add the repositories for fedora core 6 to the /etc/apt/sources.list, or replace the old one with this new sources.list, remove the files form /etc/apt/sources.list.d directory, then run the apt with:
apt-get update
The above will refresh the local cache for packages , so this should be run frequently or before each upgrade, read man apt-get for more help.
Top 2. How to backup and restore partitions?
To backup and restore the whole linux partitions, download the the latest source or binary package of partimage from http://www.partimage.org/Download, this saving the paritions to a image file from which can restore to the other partition, the next partition should be equal or bigger then the original partition.
Top 3. How to back my current fedora core settings?
The users personal settings are stored in the /home/user directory, while the system all configuraion files are keep in the /etc directory the nervous system of linux, it is good idea to backup your /home/user and /etc directory, also it is possible to backup the whole linux parition to an image file read the faq 2.
Top 4. Error: command not found?
This means the given path to particular program is not correct or the particular direcotry of the program is not in the path or the program is not installed at all, check with:
whereis program_name or
which program_name
if the program is installed, the program can be run with the full path to the program or can export the path with the command:
export PATH=$PATH:/path/to/the/program
To solve the problem add the path to ~/.bash_profle (/home/user_name/.bash_profile), add these lines to your .bash_profile:
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin/:/usr/sbin/:/usr/local/sbin/:/bin:/sbin
Top 5. How to remove duplicate rpm packages from the system?
To remove the duplicate rpm packages from the system download the listrpmdupes, and make it executable as root with:
chmod a+x listrpmdupes
run the program with ./listrpmdupes, it will list the all duplicate rpm packages in a column, with the old versions in bottom in the rows, when you are stifsy with the result, remove the old versions with rpm -e old_versions
Top 6. How to install flash player in linux?
Download the flash player for linux from http://www.macromedia.com, decompress the file with tar -zxvf install_flash_player_7_linux.tar.gz, open the direcotry and run the:
./flashplayer-installer
for installation, or simply copy the libflashplayer.so to /usr/lib/firefox../plugins and /usr/lib/mozilla../plugins.
Top 7. How to write a disk image to floppy?
One can write the disk image to a floppy with linux dd command, in runing linux system or with using a live linux cd, open the image directory and put a formatted floppy in the floppy drive, in a terminal type:
dd if=Iamge_file of=/dev/fd0
for windows download the rawrite.exe, run in dos and follow the on screen instructions, for windows xp download rawwritewin.exe, it is a nice graphical client for writting disk images to a floppy.
Top 8. How to install fedora core os packages?
With fedora core 6 installation cd's you can add or remove packages, from Desktop-> System Sittings -> Add/Remove Packages or use yum, apt-get and smart to install the latest version from online. Top 9. How to install extra applications in fedora core?
Nearly all needed extra applications are compiled in thier binary forms for fedora core by dag, dries, fedora extras, newrpms, freshrpms, nrpms, PlanetCCRMA and livna which are available from their repositories, to get these packages simply add these repositories to the yum.conf, apt sources.list or smart and then run the:
apt-get install package_name
yum install package_name
smart install package_name
Top 10. why i have the internet connection but can't browse the internet?
When there is connection but can't browse the web, but can browse the web probably the firewall is preventing to reach the interent, check the firewall configuraions, ealse enable the name server from the fedroa core services which is by default desabled.
Top 11. How to install the java runtime enviroment in linux?
To run the java applications in linux download the J2SE runtime enviroment (jre) Linux self-extarcting file from http://www.sun.com, make the file executable as root with:
chmod a+x jre-1_5_0_05-linux-i586.bin
install the file with ./jre-1_5_0_05-linux-i586.bin in a directory you should not delete it, open your web browser plugins directory, for firefox and mozilla see the
/usr/lib/firefox../plugins or /usr/lib/mozilla../plugins, and make a link to the jre plugin module with:
ln -s /path/to/jre1.5.0_05/plugin/i386/ns7/libjavaplugin_oji.so ./
Top 12. How to restore the mbr?
Make first boot device the cdrom put any bootable cd of windows or use the windows startup disk, to get the A:> prompt, then type:
fdisk/mbr
this will restore the mbr.
Top 13. How to mount new partitions in linux?
one can mount new partitions temporary or permanently, as root make a new directory, for example we want to mount the D drive with fat32 file system first do:
mkdir /windows
then mount the D drive in /windows with:
mount -t vfat /dev/hda5 /windows
write the files system if they are nfts, ext2 or ext3. if you to automount the partition, add the partition to the /etc/fstab, The proper format is device mount point file system type options fs_freq (used for dumping filesystem) and fs_passno (used by fsck), open the /etc/fstab in an editor for example in gedit with gedit /etc/fstab, and add this line just after the other partitions:
/dev/hdax /windows vfat defaults 1 2
change the a and x and vfat proper for the new partition, and the /windows directory must exist, to know linux partitions number read faq 15.
Top 13b. How to play mp3 files in linux?
Linux has many mp3 players like xmms and snackmp, in some linux distros mp3 plguins is rmomved from xmms, to play mp3 install the xmms-mp3 plugin with any update manager like:
yum install xmms xmms-libs xmms-mp3
apt-get install xmms xmms-libs xmms-mp3
To play mp3 with other linux players as well then install the gstreamer-plugins-ugly and gstreamer-plugins-ugly-devel with update manager like:
yum install gstreamer-plugins-ugly gstreamer-plugins-ugly-devel
Top 14. How i can get read and write access to ntfs files system from fedora?
Fedora kernel has module for read and write access to the ntfs file system, that should be enabled, but for compiled kernel need to install the kernel version ntfs modules, can get the lates fedora core kernel ntfs moudle from here or use the yum to install the module:
yum install kernel-ntfs-module
to have user asses to the ntfs partition add this line to your /etc/fstab:
/dev/hdax /mnt/ntfs ntfs users,rw,umask=0 0 0 0 0
make ntfs directory in the /mnt and change the hdax for the present partition number.
Top 15. How is the partitions nomenclature in linux?
All linux system is under a directory root (/) which includes subdirectories, every staff of linux system, softwares and hardwares are files grouped in these subdirectories. hard disks are grouped in the block devices under the /dev subdirectory, each partition has a certain mount point under the root (/), you can acces the partitions from there mount points, for example /dev/hda5 is accessible from it's mount point /boot. below are names for your devices attached to the deferent points of data cable:
primary master is /dev/hda or /dev/sda
primary slave is /dev/hdb or /dev/sdb
secondary master is /dev/hdc or /dev/sdc
secondary slave is /dev/hdd or /dev/sdd
the hard disk attached to any point well get that same names, partitions name are numbers and starting form 1, in linux the first 4 digits are spared for primary partitions even if they didn't exist, for example if you have just one primary partition C in linux this will be /dev/hda1, the 2 more digits will be escaped, exteneded partition have no name in windows but linux will call it /dev/hda4, and your first logical partition D will be /dev/hda5 then /dev/hda6 and so on, each hard disk has it's own partition numbers starting from 1, to see your partitions in linux in a terminal type df.
Top 16. How is the partitions nomenclature in grub?
Grub has the same nomenclature as linux, but grub only using numbers, that starts from 0 (zero), for hard disks as well partitions, the hard disk and partitions numbers are separated from each other with a comma, for exmaple hda1 is hd0,0 and hdb3 is hd1,2.
Top 17. why i get the error permission denied?
The two common reasons for this errors are, first you can't run the program as user, you need root permission, to change to root type su then enter your root password ,if you don't have root permissions contact your administrator to give permission for the specefic programs.
Second the program itself doesn't have the executable permissions, to make the program executable as root in a terminal type:
chmod a+x program_name
Top 18. How to install the qtparted disk manager?
qtparted is a nice graphical disk manager, can formate, create, delet, resize and move partitions, to install downlaod the latest soruce tar.bz2, you need the unsermake for qtparted installation, to download unsermake in a terminal type:
svn co -N svn://anonsvn.kde.org/home/kde/trunk/kdenonbeta/unsermake
open the /usr/bin and make a link to unsermake:
ln -s /path/to/unsermake/unsermake ./
now decompress the qtparted with tar -jxvf qtparted-0.4.5.tar.bz2, open the directory type ./configure --prefix=/usr/, when configure was sucessfull, type:
unsermake all
this will compile the qtparted source, when successfully finished, as root do:
unsermake install
to run the qtparted in a terminal as root type qtparted, if you get the error command not found, open the /usr/bin and make a link to qtparted with:
ln -s /path/to/qtparted-0.4.5/src/qtparted ./
now run the qtparted will work now.
Top 19. How to install real player in fedora core 4?
Real player rpm package is in the fedora extras repository, to install you should have the extras repo enabled then run the yum:
yum -y install realplyer
Or download and install the realplayer for linux from http://www.real.com/linux.
Top 20. How to create local yum repositories?
To make local repos you need webserver like apache and createrepo program, the default installed webserver in fedora core is apache, to check if it is working, open your web browser and type http://127.0.0.1 or http://localhost, you will get message something like "It Works!", check for createrepo if it is installed, if not, use 'yum -y install createrepo' to install it.
Open your webserver root directory with 'cd /var/www/html' and run these commands to create the repos directories:
mkdir -p fedora/core/5/i386/os/Fedora/RPMS
mkdir -p fedora/core/updates/5/i386
if you want os repo copy the fedora core os rpm packages from the cd's to the os/Fedora/RPMS directory or download from the fedora core mirrors, then open the fedora/core/5/i386 and run the command:
createrepo os/
this well create the repodata directory with needed header files for the repo. copy the update rpm packages to the fedora/core/updates/5/i386 directory, open the fedora/core directory and run the commmand:
createrepo updates/5/i386/
Add these repos to your /etc/yum.repos.d with files core.repo and updates.repo or add the baseurl to the /etc/yum.conf:
core.repo:
[core]
name=Fedora Core $releasever - $basearch
baseurl=http://127.0.0.1/fedora/core/$releasever/$basearch/os/
enabled=1
updates.repo:
[updates-released]
name=Fedora Core $releasever - $basearch - Released updates
baseurl=http://127.0.0.1/fedora/core/updates/$releasever/$basearch/
enabled=1
you can use these repos offline if you desable other repos, if you run a webserver replace the 127.0.0.1 with your site name, you can use rsync to get updates from the fedora updates,open fedora/core/updates/5/i386 and run the command:
rsync -rvu --del rsync://distro.ibiblio.org/fedora-linux-core/updates/5/i386/ ./
becareful rsync will delete all the extra local updates files or packages that are not in the fedora updates, if you don't want to download all the packages from the fedora update direcotry use the rsync --exclude-from=file feature to exclude certain packages, read the man rsync for more details, with rsync you don't need to run the createrepo for updates.
Top 21. How to mix fedora core repositories?
Atrpms are not adviesd with fedora core, for reason read this link.
Livna repo conflict with dag, dries, freshrpms, newrpms and planetCCRMA, you cannot mix them altogether, so one can use two groups of repos, in one group you can mix fedora core release with dags, dries, freshrpms, newrpms, nrpms and planetCCRMA, while in other group you can use the fedora core release with livna repos. for more detial
read this this link. to have a stable fedora core system i prefer to use fedora core release with livna repos.
Top 22. How to use smart package manager?
The Smart Package Manager project has the ambitious objective of creating smart and portable algorithms for solving adequately the problem of managing software upgrading and installation. This tool works in all major distributions, and will bring notable advantages over native tools currently in use (APT, APT-RPM, YUM, URPMI, etc).
Smart can add and use the packages from online repositories of yum, apt and other urls,from your local path (hard disk) and from removable media like cdrom. you can use the smart to install the packages from your local hard disk, smart will check the dependencies and will automatically downaload them from online repositories. smart has the powerfull ability to check and correct the broken dependencies, while installing or upgrading packages , will manange the dependencies and like other package managers it will never complain for missing and broken dependencies. smart has command line, nice grapahical and shell interfaces, to install the smart download the latest smart source, decompress the source, open the source directory and run the setup.py as:
./setup.py build
then as root run the setup.py for install:
./setup.py install
to run the smart in the graphical interface, in a terminal as root type:
smart --gui
to read the help for command line use in a terminal type smart --help. add the repositories from yum.conf and the apt sources.list to the smart, to add the repositories in smart gui, click on edit then channels select the new select the Provide Channel Informations then select the APT-RPM Repository,write a name and alias for the repository and write the base url from the apt sources.list from the http://..., in the Base URL column, write the components like updates core freshrpms with space separate with spaces to the Components Column,leave the other fields as they are, or as you wish, for exmaple:
write the http://ayo.freshrpms.net fedora/linux/6/i386 to the Base URL and write the core updates extras freshrpms to the Components.
To add yum repositories select the RPM MetaDat add the repositories from yum.conf from the http://......., for more details and smart faqs go to the smart website http://www.smartpm.org.
Top 23. Why there is no sound in my fedora core?
First check if the sound card is detected by the linux system, in a terminal do:
/sbin/lspci
if not, may install the linux driver for your sound card see the sound card website, or install the alsa driver a linux sound driver that may work.
If the sound card is listed check the volume control for mute, open the volume control from the panel or from the applications sound & vedio, unmute all volumes, then in a terminal do:
/usr/sbin/alsactl store
To configure the sound card run the /sbin/alsaconf, in a terminal type:
alsaconf
then run the alsamixer and kmix way to end, Make sure that extrernal amplifier is not set to Mute, If so, hit M and that should put it at 00, next in a terminal do:
/sbin/MAKEDEV -d /etc/udev/devices/ sound
Sometimes for the changes to take effect need to reboot the system. if again find the system muted after reboot, add this line to the /etc/rc.d/rc.local:
/usr/sbin/alsactl restore
Top 24. How to enable sound events in fedora core?
By defualt the sound events are disabled in the fedora core, enable the sound events from:
Desktop -> Preferences -> sound
Top 25. How to download a torrent file?
First download the latest Bittorrent source from here, decompress the source with tar -zxvf file_name, open the directory and install the BitTorrent by runing:
python setup.py install
this will install the binaries to /usr/bin/, type in a terminal bittorrent to start the bittorrent grphical client, open the .torrent file from your local hard disk with the open torrent file from the file menu to download, or enter the url to the torrent file in the open torrent URL.
The graphical client downlaoding the files to /root can change from View then sittings. bittorrent-console is a text client to download the torrent file to the current direcotory in a terminal do:
bittorrent-console url_to_torrent_file
for any problem read the faqs from the BitTorrent official site.
Top 26. How to do online upgrade of fedora core to new version?
For stable fedora core system it is better to download the iso's and then upragade or install from the fresh, for online upgrade yum can upgrade to then next version for details read this link.with apt and smart can upgrade to the latest versoins of fedora core, for apt, install the apt and configure for the fedora core version, read the faq 1, first run apt-get update and then run:
apt-get dist-upgrade
to install the smart read the faq 22 add the apt repositories from the apt sources.list and run the smart:
smart upgrade
Top 27. How to change wallpapers automatically in gnome desktop?
Downlaod the change-background-py, make it execuable, as root do:
chmod 0777 change-background-py
copy or move the script to the /usr/bin, make a directory .backgrounds (dot backgruonds) in the home directory, copy the wallpapers to this directory, or make a symlink to that with:
ln -s /path/to/images_directory ./.backgrounds
run the the script with:
/usb/bin/change-background-py &
to change the wallpapers every five minutes, as user in a terminal type crontab -e, this will open the crontab, add this line to it:
0,5,10,15,20,25,30,35,40,45,50,55 * * * * /usr/bin/change-background-py
hit the escape key, then save and exit with the command:
:wq
One can change the time as wish.
Top 28. How to configure my winmodem for fedora core?
From the Applications menu open the internet then kppp, click on configure, in configuration window click on new, in modem tab click query modem, see if your modem is detected by fedora core, if reponse is modem not found or modem is busy, you need linux driver for the modem, download the driver from the modem official website or visit the http://linmodems.org or search the google.com, for lucent, Rockwell and conexant modems can go to linuxant.com.
Top 29. How to configure wvdial for isp?
wvdial is a text based dialer for modem, it is included in the fedora core base packages,to configure for dialing, first create the /etc/wvdial.conf, as root open the /etc directory and run the command:
/usr/bin/wvdialconf wvdial.conf
this will create the /etc/wvdial.conf, open this file in a text editor and write the phone number, user and password for your isp like this:
Phone = 13842392
Username = ctwks25q
Password = y72x8y2
save and exit, type wvdial to connect, if there is error "NO CRREIR", open and put your user name and password in /etc/ppp/pap-secrets like this:
# client server secret IP addresses
user_name * pass_word
open the /etc/wvdial.conf and add this line just above the Phone:
Stupid Mode = 1
if same error then try this:
Init3 = ATQ0 V1 E1 S0=0 &F0 &C1 &D2 +FCLASS=0
to run the wvdial in the backgruond do with wvial &, when got connected hit the enter to free the shell.
Top 30. How to configure yum for fedora core?
Yum is the default installation and upgrade manager for fedora core, to run yum one should add the favourite repose like fedora core release, freshrpms, newrpms, dag, dries, livna and atrpms to the directory /etc/yum.repos.d.
To add repos just download and install the each repo release rpm files, these will add the related repos to the /etc/yum.repos.d.
Top 31. Yum error gpgkey not found or not match?
Normaly when you run the yum or apt-get they get the gpgkeys for repositories, with this errors, may be the gpg key for the specific repository is not installed, the gpk keys are avaliable from their websites. to install manualy run:
rpm --import path_to_gpgkey
if the above comman doesn't work, download the key to the local directory and install with:
rpm -ivh your_gpg_key.rpm if still get the error you can disable the gpgchek in /etc/yum.conf or /etc/yum.repos.d with making gpgcheck=0 or uncomment the gpgcheck with adding a hush.
Top 32. how to exclude packages from yum update?
To exclude some packages from the yum update, open the /etc/yum.conf add the:
exclude=
in the main options, write the package with comma separted just after =, for example
exclude=kernel,kernel-devel
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